Endocrine Abstracts

Adult-onset hypothyroidism is related to anxiety, depression, and impaired neurocognition. Guidelines from all professional societies recommend levothyroxine (LT4) monotherapy as the treatment of choice. However, ~15% hypothyroid patients do not achieve a satisfactory functional level despite TSH within the reference range. The beneficial effects of combining LT4 and liothyronine (LT3) to improve neuropsychiatric functions remains unclear. Recently, 3-iodothyronamine (T1A...

Abnormalities in thyroid hormone (TH) availability and/or metabolism have been hypothesized to contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and to be a risk factor for stroke. Recently, 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), an endogenous amine putatively derived from TH metabolism, gained interest for its ability to modulate the nervous and the vascular systems. In the present work, we studied the effect of T1AM on ischemia-induced synaptic dysfunction in the entorhinal cortex (EC), a bra...

BackgroundSubacute thyroiditis (SAT) has been related to acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluated the incidence and the severity of SAT due to SARS-CoV-2.MethodsA cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted at the Endocrinology Unit of University-Hospital of Pisa, Italy. All patients experiencing SAT arisen within a period of 15 days earlier and yet untreated, assessed from J...

Microglial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks and leading causes of common neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). All these pathologies are characterized by aberrant aggregation of disease-causing proteins in the brain, which can directly activate microglia, trigger microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, and increase oxidative stress. The availability of cell-permeable i...

The endogenous thyroid hormone derivative 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), and its metabolite 3-iodothyroacetic acid (TA1) are known to stimulate learning and induce hyperalgesia in mice. Recently, it has been demonstrated that exogenous T1AM is able to rescue synaptic impairment after transient ischemia in the entorhinal cortex (EC), a brain area crucially involved in learning and memory, and early affected during Alzheimer’s disease. However, i...

Please Development and preliminary characterization of a simple human thyroid organoid in vitro model for thyroid metabolism investigation For decades, in vitro studies of the thyroid have relied on thyroid-derived tumor cell lines, which are limited by their undifferentiated phenotype, lack of response to TSH, and chromosomal abnormalities. A viable alternative are monolayer (2D) cultures of primary thyrocytes isolated from histologically normal thyroid glan...

Adult-onset hypothyroidism is associated with cognitive dysfunction, and a significant fraction of hypothyroid patients still shows persistent disturbances despite standard T4 replacement therapy. Experimental results showed that tissue levels of T4 metabolites, particularly T1AM, are decreased in hypothyroidism and remain low after T4 replacement. Thyroid hormones are important for the promotion of neurogenesis and neuron migration to different areas of the cerebral cortex, i...